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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety, but they aren't the only option. Psychotherapy and exercise can be effective treatments. Some antidepressants, like SSRIs (citalopram, Lexapro, fluoxetine, Prozac, paroxetine, Zoloft) also treat anxiety. Other medications, like histamine blockers such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine), can also help relieve anxiety. Antidepressants Your doctor could prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed medications and there are numerous kinds to pick from. The type of antidepressant your provider prescribes will depend on your symptoms, other medical conditions, and the goals of your treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. These work by changing the way nerve cells within your brain communicate. They work by increasing the number of neurotransmitters that are present in your brain, which enhances your mood and reduces anxiety. It can take several weeks before antidepressants start working therefore, be patient. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed by your physician to treat anxiety or depression. They are extremely fast-acting drugs, and they can be employed as a temporary solution to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Examples of benzodiazepines are alprazolam and lorazepam. They inhibit the actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline, which are hormones that play a role in the body's fight or flight response. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an older antidepressant type that can be effective for treating depression and anxiety. They are usually prescribed to patients who have not responded to other antidepressants. They also require dietary changes to prevent hypertensive reactions caused by the amino acid tyramine. Tell your doctor if you are taking an antidepressant on prescription. This includes vitamins and other supplements. You may need to decrease the dosage if you're taking other medicines that can affect the way antidepressants function or if they trigger negative side effects. If you think you're having thoughts of suicide, get assistance right away from a health care professional. You may have different signs of anxiety and depression, or you may have a comorbidity of depression and anxiety. People with comorbid anxiety and depression have a poorer medical prognosis compared to those who only have one disorder. Some psychiatric medications have been shown to be particularly effective in treating both disorders in people who suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can ease anxiety symptoms, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide diazepam and lorazepam. These drugs work by affecting the benzodiazepine receptors of the central nervous system that are transmembrane proteins that form an benzylchloride channel in the central. The benzodiazepine-receptors also have a site that binds the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines function by increasing the concentration of GABA-A, thereby decreasing muscle activity and relaxing the muscles. Benzodiazepines have a rapid time to begin their action, however they have a high risk of dependence and addiction. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics and buspirone all have a longer onset of action but are more suitable for long-term use because they do not cause dependence or tolerance. Depression can be comorbid with anxiety disorders, and antidepressants can aid in reducing the symptoms of depression associated with underlying anxiety. However, many sufferers of depression experience a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms and will need an array of medications and therapy to manage all their symptoms. In these cases, benzodiazepines may be utilized for a short period of time to control depression or anxiety symptoms while other medications are in effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short amount of time, but not for daily. These medications should not be taken for extended periods of time as they may trigger withdrawal symptoms such as shaking or trouble sleeping. If you're considering taking benzodiazepines, tell your doctor about any prior dependency or substance abuse issues as well as any other mental health issues you suffer from. Your doctor will be able to talk to you about possible side effects, and can suggest alternative drugs if required to treat depression. If you've never taken benzodiazepines before, or if you are taking them in excess they could cause grave and sometimes fatal complications. If you are breastfeeding or pregnant, or if you have a history of liver disease or other digestive or respiratory disorders or liver disease, your doctor may reduce the duration of treatment or recommend lower doses. Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines and can increase the chance of developing side effects and dependence, therefore you should avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking them. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be utilized as a medication to control anxiety symptoms. They are a different type of drug than benzodiazepines like Xanax, and they block receptors that adrenaline binds to. They also reduce the activity of the nervous system and brain. They can be used as an alternative to benzodiazepines which are more addictive and carry an increased risk of dependency. Beta blockers are frequently prescribed for heart ailments and are effective in treating anxiety as they lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate. They aren't FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders. They are frequently employed “off label” for this purpose, and are a good alternative when other anti-anxiety medications don't provide relief or have unacceptable adverse effects. They are especially effective in cases of performance anxiety and social anxiety, where unpleasant symptoms can arise in situations that cause anxiety. They can be utilized in conjunction with other treatment methods like CBT and SSRIs. They are especially effective as an adjunct therapy for those suffering from GAD. GAD is characterized by constant and frequent anxiety that affects daily activities. They can also aid in managing physical symptoms of anxiety such as a racing pulse or increased sweating. Although beta-blockers can assist in helping manage the physical symptoms of anxiety, they do not tackle the mental issues that cause the condition. They are most effective as a complement to other treatments like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. It is important to discuss your medical history and any other health concerns with your doctor before taking beta-blockers. These drugs are linked to lower psychiatric admissions as well as suicidal behavior, however the results can vary depending on the specific psychiatric diagnosis and past psychiatric histories. In some patients, they could increase the risk of having cardiovascular events. There are a few natural products that contain beta-blocker-like properties however, they aren't as effective as prescription drugs. They include antioxidants, garlic the saffron plant, and potassium. These natural ingredients aren't fully understood. Certain of these products could cause serious side-effects, therefore it is best to consult a physician prior to taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) work by changing the way that your brain functions. They block an enzyme called monoamine oxide, which breaks down chemicals like norepinephrine, serotonin and other chemical compounds that let brain cells to communicate with each other. By blocking monoamine oxidase MAOIs ensure that you have more of these chemical messengers in your brain, which elevates your mood by enhancing brain cell communication. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders , particularly agoraphobia and mixed depression-anxiety states. However, they are not as effective in pure anxiety states and may not help with panic attacks. The MAOIs' effectiveness has been linked to their ability to increase serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These neurotransmitters, which are produced naturally in the body, are released into the bloodstream where they are absorbed by nerve cells and function as messengers. Iproniazid was the first antidepressant to be developed in the year 1950. It blocked monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs such as tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, that have been used for a long time to treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. Because they can have drug and food interactions and can lead to a severe withdrawal syndrome if stopped abruptly, MAOIs are typically only prescribed to patients who are unable to respond to other treatments. A newer MAOI, a selective, irreversible MAOA-A inhibitor is being studied for its use in treating depression that is not responding to treatment. It is not recommended for use in bipolar disorder since it can cause manic symptoms. Selegiline, a more recent MAOI (also known as Zelapar or Eldepryl) is being studied for treatment of Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase, but does not affect other enzymes which breakdown levodopa, which is the primary treatment for Parkinson's. These medications may be used in conjunction with other antidepressants. In certain patients, the MAOIs could cause a reaction involving increased neuromuscular excitability and hyperreflexia. This can manifest itself as muscle twitching or eyelid twitching. These reactions are more frequent when these medications are used in conjunction with certain food items such as aged cheeses and cured meats.